ENERGY OVERVIEW
Proven Oil Reserves (1/1/02E): 298 million
barrels
Oil Production (2001E): 57,000 barrels per day
(bbl/d), of which 53,000 bbl/d was crude oil
Oil Consumption
(2001E): 359,000 bbl/d
Net Oil Imports (1999E):
302,000 bbl/d
Crude Oil Refining Capacity (1/1/02E):
238,850 bbl/d
Natural Gas Reserves (1/1/02E): 25.1
trillion cubic feet (Tcf)
Natural Gas Production (1999E):
0.8 Tcf
Natural Gas Consumption (1999E): 0.8
Tcf
Coal Production (1999E): 3.8 million short tons
(Mmst)
Coal Consumption (1999E): 4.9 Mmst
Net Coal
Imports (1999E): 1.1 Mmst
Recoverable Coal Reserves
(12/31/96E): 3.2 billion short tons
Electric Generation
Capacity (1/1/99E): 17.0 gigawatts (71% thermal, 28% hydro, 1%
nuclear)
Electricity Generation (1999E): 62 billion
kilowatthours
ENVIRONMENTAL
OVERVIEW
Total Energy Consumption (1999E): 1.8 quadrillion Btu* (0.47% of world
total energy consumption)
Energy-Related Carbon Emissions
(1999E): 27.9 million metric tons of carbon (0.45% of world
total carbon emissions)
Per Capita Energy Consumption (1999E):
12.5 million Btu (vs. U.S. value of 355.8 million Btu)
Per
Capita Carbon Emissions (1999E): 0.2 metric tons of carbon (vs.
U.S. value of 5.5 metric tons of carbon)
Energy Intensity
(1999E): 31,193 Btu/$1990 (vs U.S. value of 12,638
Btu/$1990)**
Carbon Intensity (1999E): 0.48 metric tons of
carbon/thousand $1990 (vs U.S. value of 0.19 metric tons/thousand
$1990)**
Sectoral Share of Energy Consumption (1998E):
Residential (48.8%), Industrial (33.4%), Transportation (13.3%),
Commercial (4.5%)
Sectoral Share of Carbon Emissions (1998E):
Industrial (44.9%), Transportation (27.2%), Residential (22.2%),
Commercial (5.7%)
Fuel Share of Energy Consumption (1999E):
Oil (41.9%), Natural Gas (40.0%), Coal (5.0%)
Fuel Share
of Carbon Emissions (1999E): Oil (54.6%), Natural Gas (37.4%),
Coal (8.0%)
Renewable Energy Consumption (1998E): 1,145
trillion Btu* (1% increase from 1997)
Number of People per
Motor Vehicle (1998E): 125 (vs. U.S. value of 1.3)
Status
in Climate Change Negotiations: Non-Annex I country under the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (ratified June
1st, 1994). Not a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol.
Major
Environmental Issues: Water pollution from raw sewage,
industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited natural fresh
water resources; a majority of the population does not have access
to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion and
desertification.
Major International Environmental Agreements:
A party to Conventions on Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution and Wetlands . Has signed, but not
ratified, Marine Life Conservation.
Клиника варикозная болезнь нижних конечностей. одинцово.
* The total energy
consumption statistic includes petroleum, dry natural gas, coal, net
hydro, nuclear, geothermal, solar, wind, wood and waste electric
power. The renewable energy consumption statistic is based on
International Energy Agency (IEA) data and includes hydropower,
solar, wind, tide, geothermal, solid biomass and animal products,
biomass gas and liquids, industrial and municipal wastes. Sectoral
shares of energy consumption and carbon emissions are also based on
IEA data.
**GDP based on EIA International Energy Annual
1999
kiev cheap rental
ENERGY INDUSTRY
Organization: Oil and Gas Development Corporation
(OGDC), a state company, handles oil and gas exploration and
development; Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) supplies
electricity to most of the country; Karachi Electric Supply
Corporation Limited (KESC) serves the greater Karachi metropolitan
area; Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) operates one nuclear
power plant
Major Foreign Energy Company Involvement: AES,
Atlantic Richfield, British National Power, Coastal Power, Gaz de
France, Total, General Electric, Lasmo Oil (U.K.), Marubeni (Japan),
ExxonMobil, Monument Oil & Gas, Premier Oil, Royal Dutch Shell,
Xenal (Saudi Arabia)
Major Ports: Gwadar, Karachi,
Muhammed bin Qasim, Ormaro
Major Gas Fields: Bhit, Dhodak,
Kadanwari, Mari, Prikoh, Qadipur, Sawan, Sui
Major Oil
Fields: Dhurnal, Fimkasser, Liari, Mazari, Thora
Major
Pipelines: Sui Northern Gas Pipeline; Sui Southern Gas Pipeline;
Pak-Arab Refinery Company (PARCO) petroleum product
pipeline
Major Refineries (Capacity): Pak-Arab Refinery
near Multan (100,000 bbl/d); Attock Refinery in Rawalpindi (35,000
bbl/d), National Refinery in Korangi (62,050 bbl/d), Pakistan
Refinery Ltd. in Karachi (46,300 bbl/d).
ECONOMIC OVERVIEW
Currency: Pakistani
Rupee
Average Exchange Rate (2/27/02): U.S.$1 = 62.9
rupees
Gross Domestic Product (GDP, market exchange rates,
2001E): $56.8 billion
Real GDP Growth Rate (2001E):
3.5% (2002F): 5.4%
Inflation Rate (2001E): 4.1%
(2002F): 5.2%
Current Account Balance (2001E):
-$1.9 billion
Merchandise Trade Balance (2001E): -$1.6
billion
Total External Debt (2001E): $34.1
billion
Major Trading Partners: United States, Japan,
Germany, United Kingdom, and Saudi Arabia
Major Export
Products: Raw cotton and textiles; rice; leather
manufactures
Major Import Products: Petroleum; machinery
and transport equipment; food
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